长周期扰动应力下盘区柱内巷道锚杆支护动态响应规律

长周期扰动应力下盘区柱内巷道稳定及盘区柱整体稳定是大规模开采的关注重点。采用数值模拟方法,构建了大规模、多中段、长周期强烈开采扰动下的数值模型,建立了锚杆支护的拉伸破断、剪切破断数值力学模型,研究了不同水平、不同阶段回采过程中盘区柱内巷道锚杆支护的受力特性和盘区柱围岩的应力和塑性区发展特征。研究结果表明:不同开采阶段不同开采水平的锚杆轴力和巷道顶板变形响应明显,锚杆剪力由于变形监测部位的限制响应程度甚微,盘区柱内巷道稳定性好。盘区柱内巷道围岩偏应力场与塑性区动态演化仅在前两个中段开采时反应强烈,大规模开采结束时盘区柱仍然能够保持正常稳定。分析方法及分析结果能够对盘区柱内巷道稳定及盘区柱整体稳定做出提前预判,为盘区柱的正常使用提供安全保障。     

Application of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma packed with glass and ceramic pellets for SO2 removal at ambient temperature: optimization and modeling using response surface methodology

Air pollution is a major health problem in developing countries and has adverse effects on human health and the environment. Non-thermal plasma is an effective air pollution treatment technology. In this research, the performance of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor packed with glass and ceramic pellets was evaluated in the removal of SO₂ as a major air pollutant from air in ambient temperature. The response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of three key parameters (concentration of gas, gas flow rate, and voltage) as well as their simultaneous effects and interactions on the SO₂ removal process. Reduced cubic models were derived to predict the SO₂ removal efficiency (RE) and energy yield (EY). Analysis of variance results showed that the packed-bed reactors (PBRs) studied were more energy efficient and had a high SO₂ RE which was at least four times more than that of the non-packed reactor. Moreover, the results showed that the performance of ceramic pellets was better than that of glass pellets in PBRs. This may be due to the porous surface of ceramic pellets which allows the formation of microdischarges in the fine cavities of a porous surface when placed in a plasma discharge zone. The maximum SO₂ RE and EY were obtained at 94% and 0.81 g kWh⁻¹, respectively under the optimal conditions of a concentration of gas of 750 ppm, a gas flow rate of 2 l min⁻¹, and a voltage of 18 kV, which were achieved by the DBD plasma packed with ceramic pellets. Finally, the results of the model's predictions and the experiments showed good agreement.     

The potential of energy flexibility of space heating and cooling in Portugal

This study assesses the potential of energy flexibility of space heating and cooling for a typical household under different geographical conditions in Portugal. The proposed approach modifies the demand through the optimization of the thermostat settings using a genetic algorithm to reduce either operational costs or interaction with the grid. The results show that the used energy flexibility indicator expresses the available potential and that flexibility depends on several factors, namely: i) thermal inertia of the archetypical household; ii) the time of use electricity tariffs; iii) users’ comfort boundaries; and iv) the geographical location of the houses.     

Theoretical and Experimental Studies for the Transient Response of Cavity

During the transient state of aero-engine,cavity has evidently transient characteristics in the secondary air system.To investigate transient characteristics,theoretical and experimental studies were implemented for both static and rotating cavities.First of all,the typical transient response phenomena in secondary air system were investigated based on the basic concepts of the dynamic process.According to the basic theory of gas dynamics,the causes of transient phenomena were analyzed in two aspects,external disturbance,and system physical properties.Several dimensionless parameters were introduced to analyze the transient response characteristics of air system.Second,the experimental results of the static cavity indicated that the actual response time increased with the increase of the inlet pressure.The experimental results of the rotor-stator cavity showed that the low rotational speed on the response process had little effect,and the response time gradually increased when the speed continued to increase.Third,the test results of multiple components suggested that when the valve was opening the inlet pressure of the static cavity increased quickly and then reached a stable value,but the pressure of the static cavity,stable pressure cavity and rotor-stator chamber rose gradually.It was also obtained the actual response time of them was increased.The closer the measuring points were to the disturbance source,the shorter the delay time was.     

A review on the features and technologies for energy efficiency of smart grid

In today's world striving for efficiency in every sector, especially power generation and distribution, smart grids emerge as the solution for efficiently meeting the increasing demand. They adjust themselves to optimally deliver energy at the lowest cost and highest quality possible. The grid successfully makes use of renewable energy resources, electric vehicles, and smart pricing techniques in its attempt to achieve energy efficiency. It also promotes a greener environment by striving to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Information communication technology (ICT) helps the grid in collecting consumption data from the consumers and in sharing tariff information. ICT also helps to gather information about the status of the grid with regard to aspects like power quality, faults etc. The purpose of this paper is to review recent literature with a view to comprehensively present the technologies employed in the smart grid for achieving energy efficiency and the challenges involved therein.     

Underground energy storage utilizing concrete building foundation: Experimental and numerical approach

Space heating and cooling represent 63% of total building energy demand. In the present study, the concept of concrete foundation piles was used as an underground storage medium. This system requires no additional drilling costs or space, unlike conventional boreholes. A laboratory-scaled experiment facility was designed to experimentally investigate the thermal response of a concrete pile during the charging and discharging processes. The amount of energy stored and released during each process was evaluated. A flow rate parametric study was also conducted to explore the effect of the laminar and turbulent flow behavior. In order to complement the experimental study, an extensive CFD model was developed and compared with the experimental data. There was good agreement between the numerical and experimental results for each process at different flow rates. The results revealed that increasing the flow rate increases not only the heat rejection and extraction but also the storage efficiency.     

Influences of gallium substitution on the phase stability,mechanical strength and cellular response of β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramics

β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), a well-accepted synthetic bone grafting biomaterial, is confronted with limitations of poor phase stability and lacking the capacity to mediate the biological functions. In the current study, gallium (Ga) was substituted for calcium in the β-TCP, and the influences of Ga substitution on the phase stability, compressive strength and cellular response of β-TCP bioceramics were investigated. The results indicated that substitution of at least 2.5 mol% Ga for calcium prevented the β-TCP from transforming into α-TCP at 1250 °C. The β-TCP bioceramics substituted with 2.5 mol% Ga attained the highest compressive strength. The β-TCP bioceramics substituted with 2.5 and 5 mol% Ga showed good cytocompatibility, and suppressed in vitro osteoclastic activity as well as osteoblastic differentiation. Considering the favorable mechanical strength and the inhibitory effect on the osteoclastic activity, the β-TCP bioceramics substituted with 2.5 mol% Ga are promising for treating the bone defect in the pathological state of excessively rapid bone resorption.     

Parametric study of aluminium alloy fouling in marine environment using RSM technique

ABSTRACT

Fouling is known to be a prominent industrial problem which is greatly affected by parameters like temperature, time and flowrate. The aim of this work was to simulate the fouling process in AA 6061 by developing a model through Minitab 16 and evaluate the models. Box Behnken design of Response surface methodology was applied for modelling and optimization of fouling propensity in artificial sea water. A response surface model was obtained and Analysis of Variance was performed to test the significance of the model. Fouling propensity was found in terms of weight gain. An experimental rig consisting of a recirculating loop mimicking the industrial conditions of fouling was used in the study. SEM analysis shows uneven deposits on the metal surface. Sharp, irregular deposits pressed deep into the metal was observed. The finding of this work would enable us to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of the parameters.     

Characterization and optimization of color attributes chroma (C*) and lightness (L*) in offset lithography halftone print on packaging boards

The outcome of a print in production run plays a crucial role in commercial and packaging printing. In the growing packaging industry, colorfulness and saturated prints with high chroma attract the eye of the consumer. The design and layout of a packaging carton comprise of images that consist of halftones in the print process, which demand attractiveness and visibility using bright colors. In this research, an effort has been made to identify and analyze various parameters involved in offset lithography affecting color attributes of prints. This study also focused on the investigation of the best process conditions that would yield optimum color values through multiresponse factors such as chroma and lightness. A general full-factorial Design of Experiments (DOE) approach was used to evaluate the effect of prepress parameters such as screen ruling and dot shape and press parameters such ink viscosity and paper smoothness. These parameters were then optimized using a customized response surface design. From the experiment, it was observed that viscosity of the ink was a significant factor that majorly controls the color attributes. The surface smoothness of the paperboard was one of the factors influencing the improvement of color reproduction. A smoother surface makes even contact during ink transfer in the offset printing machine and hence reflects color with a higher chroma. The optimum parameters were as follows: 15 Pa s ink viscosity, 0.77 μm paper smoothness, and 200 lines per inch (lpi) screen ruling that resulted in increasing chroma (C*) in the middle and shadow tones in the halftones.     

Band-gap-tunable CeO2 nanoparticles for room-temperature NH3 gas sensors

NH₃ is a type of essential raw material but harmful. In this work, CeO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized as NH₃ gas sensing materials by simple hydrothermal method. The response time of the sensor is extremely fast (3 s) towards 500 ppm NH₃ with the response of 22.0 at room temperature. The concentration of NH₃ and its response show well-matched functional relationship in the range of 0.5 ppm-1000 ppm. The selectivity of NH₃ is distinct and the detection limit is as low as 500 ppb. The excellent NH₃ gas sensing performance may be attributed to more oxygen vacancies and narrower band gap. This CeO₂ nanoparticles-based gas sensor could be reliable to detect and monitor NH₃ at room temperature.